Chemický rozklad
Chemický rozklad je chemická reakcia, pri ktorej z jedného zložitejšieho reaktantu vznikajú dva alebo viac jednoduchších produktov.
R ------- P1 + P2 +...
reaktant produkty
reaktant------produkt+produkt
Pokus k chem rozkladu:
Katalytický rozklad peroxidu vodíka
pomôcky:
skúmavka, stojan na skúmavky, špajle, zápalky
chemikálie:
10% roztok H2O2, pevný MnO2
postup:
Do skúmavky nalejte asi 1 ml peroxidu vodíka a pridajte na špičku malé lyžičky pevného bureli.
V skúmavke prebieha veľmi búrlivá reakcia katalytického rozkladu peroxidu vodíka - pomocou tlejúci špajle možno dokázať vznik kyslíka, špajle sa rozžhne.
princíp:
Peroxid vodíka sa rozkladá za katalýzy bureli (oxidu manganičitého) na vodu a kyslík.
Burel tu funguje ako katalyzátor - čo je látka, ktorá vstupuje do reakcie a vystupuje z nej nezmenená - dochádza k zníženiu aktivačná energia reakcie.
využitie:
kinetika - vplyv katalyzátora; vodík, kyslík a ich zlúčeniny - dôkaz kyslíka
Typ pokusu:
demonštračné aj laboratórne - pod dohľadom učiteľa
bezpečnosť:
nepotřísnit sa peroxidom vodíka, reakcia je búrlivá - vykonávať pod dohľadom učiteľa
Časová náročnosť:
príprava - 5 minút, vlastné prevedenie - 5 minút
Tipy & triky:
- Rozklad peroxidu vodíka za katalýzy bureli prebieha veľmi búrlivo a dlho - kým sa nespotrebuje všetok peroxid vodíka - je teda lepšie použiť menšie množstvo, pokus aj cez to bude vidieť
- Po prípade použiť odmerný valec - ako v prípade videa z Internetové video-databázy chemických pokusov ZF JU
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